GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
Computers introduced after 1940 are classified into 5 Generations :
1 - First-Generation (1940 – 1955)
2- Second-Generation ( 1956 – 1960)
3 - Third-Generation ( 1961 – 1970 )
4 - Fourth- Generation (after 1970)
5 - Fifth-Generation (after 1990)
Point ( no 1 ) Aaj humne jaane wale hai pehila computer bare mein aap jante ho pehile computer first generation 1949 - 1955 Tak Raha uske bad second generation computer abiskar Ho Gaya aur ek bhai jante ho second generation ka aavishkar karne wala ka naam hai Charles Babbage aur Ada loveless
Aaj ka jamana hai vah ek bacchi purana jamana mein computer ki generation kiya tha isliye aajman hai aaj Har vyakti jaanta hai uska naam lady ke naam pahle jamane mein vah to scientist the isiliye uska naam.
Aap ek aur baat jante ho pahle main computer bare mein kuchh knowledge nahin tha kyunki main computer jaanta nahin tha ek din kya hua jante ho mera ek dost ek din Aakar poochha bhai computer ka father ka naam aur mother ka naam kya hai ?
Main to use time per jaanta nahin tha itna knowledge nahin tha na mere pass nahin usko nahin Pata FIR ek din Google se recharge karke usko bola bhai Tum jante ho Lekin mujhe bola pahle Tum batao Maine fatak se bol diya jo bolna tha usi din aur kya hua tha na father ka naam Charles Babbage ko maine bola charli baby aur mother ka naam bola ideal lovies FIR jakar mere ko dost hai usi dost ne bola are bhai Tum galat Bata rahe ho FIR ek din Maine Jaan liya ki father ka naam charge Babbage aur mother ka naam Ada loveless.
Chalo bhai bahut maja Masti Ho Gaya chalo abhi computer ke bare mein kuchh discuss karte Hain.
CLASSIFICATIONS OR TYPES OF COMPUTER
Different types of computers can be classified into :-
Micro computers (PCs)
Mini Computers
Main Frame Computers
Super Computers
MICRO OR PERSONAL COMPUTERS :
Micro computers have brought revolution in the computer industry because of their size and cost. All Personal Computers(PCs) come under the micro computers. The common characteristics of micro computers are :-
Cheap and easy to use.
Have limited input and output capabilities.
Limited range of software can be used.
Have low storage capacity.
Have self-contained units which can be moved easily.
Designed to be used by one person at a time.
MINI COMPUTERS :
Mini computers are less efficient and store less data than main frame computers. The main characteristics of mini computers are :-
Have limited range of peripherals.
Limited software is used.
Can be directly operated by the user.
Air conditioning is not necessary and is provided in many cases only for dust control. Mini computers are used widely for data processing and in industrial applications.
MAINFRAME COMPUTERS :
Mainframe computers are large computers. Their main characteristics are :-
Based on the principle that computing power should be concentrated. Many people can make use of the same machine at the same time.
Sensitive to variants in temperature, humidity, dust etc. kept in air-conditioning rooms.
Qualified operators and programmers are required for the operations.
Support a wide range of peripherals.
Have large storage capacities.
Can make use of a wide variety of software.
SUPER COMPUTERS :
Super computers are the largest, fastest and most expensive computer systems in the world. They are used to process complex scientific jobs. The common characteristics of a super computers are:-
Based on the concept of parallel processing.
Many small computer chips work simultaneously to perform millions of arithmetic operations per second.
Super computers are widely used in meteorological offices where weather report is predicted by manipulating vast amount of data.
Famous super computers are Cray X-MP, Cray-2, Cray-3 and ETA-10. These computers can perform 100 to 1000 billion calculations per second.
Memory Units : The storage capacity of a computer is measured as follows:
Bit = 0 or 1
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilo Byte (KB)
1024 KBs = 1 Mega Byte (MB)
1024 MBs = 1 Giga Byte (GB)
1024 GBs = 1 Tera Byte (TB)
1024 TBs = 1 Peta Byte (PB)
1024 PBs = 1 Exa Byte (EB)
1024 EBs = 1 Zotta Byte (ZB)
1024 ZBs = 1 Yotta Byte (YB)
Before going to store any data in the memory, that data will be converted into binary bits.
Memory is a special storage location in our computer system, in which we can store any type of data, either the input data or output data. Memory is of 2 types. They are as follows:-
MEMORY
Primary Memory Secondary Memory
RAM ROM Cache Memory
Primary Memory : The memory which is available inside the computer is called the Primary Memory or Main Memory or Computer Memory or Internal Memory.
Primary Memory is again of 3 types:-
RAM (Random-Access memory)
ROM (Read-only Memory)
Cache Memory
RAM (Random Access Memory):
It is also called as the “Volatile Memory” or “Temporary memory”.
Volatile Memory means the contents or data in this memory will be available until the system is in on or the power is supplied to the system.
The contents or data in this memory will be seen at the monitor or screen.
ROM (Read-Only Memory) :
It is also called as “Non-Volatile Memory” or “Permanent Memory”.
The Non-Volatile Memory means the contents or data in this memory will be available forever, even though the computer is switched off or the power is off.
This memory will be available in the storage device called hard disk.
The data stored in our computer will be stored in this hard disk permanently, until we delete or remove that data from the hard disk.
Cache Memory :
It is a high-speed RAM, which is used to store or keep frequently needed or used data.
It is more speed than the RAM.
It is more useful in the programs, which are written by any programming language.
This Cache memory will be used by the C.P.U for fast processing or quick calculations.
Secondary Memory:
It is also called as “External Memory”.
The Memory which is available in the secondary storage devices is called the “Secondary Memory”.
The secondary storage devices are Floppy Disks, CDs, DVDs and Pen Drives etc.
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